![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() this work is equal to the change in the quantity U - T°S + p°V - Y!n=i M°Ni. (T°, P° and being constant, can be taken under the operator A), i.e. The value of the minimum work is given by the formula n Thus we again conclude that the transition occurs with the minimum expenditure of work (and hence the inverse transition with the maximum work done) if it is reversible. (1.1) we obtain:Įquality is attained for a reversible process. Conversely, the negative work, A 0 thus DS° > -AS. We shall count work A done by the external forces (which are associated with the environment) on the system as positive. This work can be used in order to bring the system into the state of macroscopic motion or to displace the chemical equilibrium of the system or to displace the state of a system in some external "field" defined by those "potentials" about which we were speaking above. Since the main interaction in thermodynamics is the interaction between the system and its environment (keeping in mind that the interaction is non-symmetric), there are two sorts of work, namely, work done by the system on its environment and work done by the environment on the system embedded within it (see also Chapter 2). He tried to replace the latter by the concept of work. He generally tried to avoid the use of both the word and the concept of entropy. One of the founders of modern thermodynamics, Ostwald, did not like the word "entropy". ![]()
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